[wvns] Abortion Used to Improve Life Expectancy Statistics
Abortion Being Used to Improve Life Expectancy?
Part 1
Life Expectancy at Birth Vs True Life Expectancy
of Nature's Ever Increasing Preference for Humans
By Dr Javed Jamil - doctorforu123@yahoo.com
Abstract.
This article aims to bring to the attention of the world the horrible fact that the killing of human foetuses, euphemistically called induced abortion, is being used to increase life expectancy, not only through statistical manoeuvres but also through misuse, unknowingly, of the Nature's growing preference for human life. It will be shown that the life expectancy, as defined by the current international organizations, is directly proportional to the ratio of abortion. The more a country kills its unborn human beings the better its life expectancy. The question will be asked: are foetuses not human beings deserving the right to life; and if killed their deaths to be counted as human deaths? If their deaths are counted as deaths of human beings, the whole scenario changes, and the claims of "development" prove to be ridiculous. The paper introduces True Life Expectancy, i.e., life expectancy at conception as the true measurement of life expectancy.
Contents:
1. Definition of Life Expectancy
2. Economics of abortions
3. Statistics related to abortions
4. Data of life expectancy if foetuses are included among human beings
5. Life expectancy vis-à-vis abortion
6. Discussion: Nature's ever increasing preference for human beings
7. Need of the hour
Definition of Life Expectancy
Life expectancy is the expected average age of death in a specified population and is conventionally calculated from the time of birth1. It is usually believed that life expectancy has increased with the arrival of the modern medicine. The life expectancy before the beginning of the transition is estimated to have varied between 20 and 35. It is also agreed upon that once a person crossed his infant age, his chances of reaching the old age were high in all parts of the history; it still holds true. Scientists agree that the main reasons behind the steep rise of life expectancy have been sanitation, nutrition and medical knowledge1.
Neither the definition of life expectancy nor the commonly described reasons behind the increase in life expectancy is beyond challenge. Thus the definition includes consideration of infant mortality rate but excludes consideration of foetal mortality rate. The reasons include sanitation, nutrition and medical knowledge but excludes growing rate of induced abortions.
There have been attempts by certain quarters to calculate life expectancy after the infant age, say 5. Obviously such a change in the definition would suit the countries and societies having high mortality rates. They would not then have to face the stigma caused by their positioning very low in the table of life expectancy. Exclusion of foetal mortality rate would obviously help the caused of the countries and societies that have very high ratios of abortion. This would help their positioning high in the table and they will be able to boast themselves as the most developed societies of the world. The current world is dominated by the latter, the societies of the so-called developed world, and therefore it is they who have decided the definition of life expectancy. Obviously this has much more to do with politics of economics than with health sciences. For a medical scientist, it is not difficult to say that the life of a human being begins immediately after the formation of the zygote (conception) and any loss after that is the loss of human life. But unfortunately the WHO has failed to get this definition legally recognised by the world bodies. The reason behind this failure is lies in the supremacy of economics in the current world, an ideology that I call "Economic Fundamentalism".
From now onwards life expectancy at conception will be called True Life Expectancy (TLE). Other life expectancies should better be known as specific life expectancies; the life expectancies at birth, 5 years, 10 years, 20 years, 40 years, 50 years, 60 years etc can serve specified objectives in their own ways.
Economics of abortions
The most dangerous manifestation of economic fundamentalism, in terms of its impact on health as well as social peace, is growing commercialisation of human susceptibilities particularly sex. Though the devastation caused by the commercialisation of sex and beauty has tormented the whole society, the most appalling is the case of children. They do not possess the voice that can be heard beyond the walls of their houses; they do only have yells that get buried within the din inside. They are not physically capable of organising and wrestling for their rights. Neither have they representation in parliaments and assemblies nor in the media. Their fate is entirely at the mercy of others. They are therefore more likely to be killed, neglected and assaulted than anyone else.
The new sexual morality espoused and promoted by the big business, especially the global merchants of sex annihilated all the barricades in the way of free sex. Marriage or any other formality, age, gender, place, time and previous relation—all paled into insignificance for the purpose of a sexual encounter. The only restriction that the legal framework put, albeit without making it effective in practice, was the consent of the two individuals seeking sex. If both agree, nothing can stop them. They would be advised however to take precautions as far as possible not to let their ecstatic love drift to an unwanted fruition. This can devastate their own career, they would be told, and also the country's economy. Never mind though. If despite precautions, a woman conceives, she need not unduly worry. The state is there to provide whatever she needs for a safe abortion: legal permission, social protection and free services. Private clinics, in their own way, are looking to provide the best.
And with abortion begins the sad story of children being killed and abused for none of their faults. An estimated number of about 70 million of children are caused to perish before their birth every year. Staggering figures from all accounts. Figures that must put the whole mankind to shame and must jolt from head to toe every person with conscience. But where is the mankind? What we know of the mankind today is that it is a kingdom of human beasts seeking pleasure and nothing but the pleasure, whatever the consequences. And this is not just the pleasure of the whole mankind at the cost of other creatures. It is for the gratification of the strong among men who have mastered the science of eradicating all that can directly or indirectly become impediments in their stupendous march towards an unstoppable fun and entertainment. What then if for this majestic plan, few millions of partially formed human fleshes are to be discarded! They are of course just the humans-in-making, not humans themselves. And they are the weakest obstacles as well. Flowers must be protected, proponents of abortion seem to argue, but there is no plausible reason why tears should be shed if buds are nipped to "save the mankind from undesirable consequences". Big movements are organised against the killing of animals and the extinction of rare species, against the uprooting of plants and deforestation, and also against the destruction of historical monuments and sites. These have the backing and support of one or the other elements of power. But a notable global campaign against the unceremonious killing of millions of humans-in-making cannot be allowed to gather momentum. The cronies of the Big Business are always there, fully armed with the arsenals of "sophisticated" logic and money to thwart any such development. Still, we are forced to believe that we are living in a civilised world that cares for the human rights. And those that shout at the top of their voice for the human rights happen to be those who silently preside over most of these killings. The only voices audible in the all-pervading eerie silence are of those that are concerned merely and specifically with the killing of female foetuses, as if the killing of a male foetus is justifiable but not that of a female. Ironically, female feticide, not feticide in general, is regarded a genuine issue at the global level. It is agonisingly but amazingly true that an abortion not based on gender discrimination is normally not even labelled feticide. To join the fray against female feticide is considered a noble cause on account of it being part of the global movement against the gender-discrimination. But criminal silence on the abortion of male children is no discrimination in their eyes on the similar ground. I do not purport to say that the sordid practice of female feticide does not invite the concern it does. Female feticide is outrageously abominable, and must be condemned in the strongest possible words. In India, the problem has become so acuminate that in some states like Punjab and Haryana it has already severely disturbed the male-female ratio in the population that has gone down to as low as 650 women per 1000 men in some areas. Demographic catastrophe of its own kind is staring at the country's policymakers. Such has been the traditional revulsion towards a girl child, especially among Hindus, in which community dowry still remains a major issue, that the news of the birth of a girl is often welcomed with gloom writ large on the faces of the members of the family. With ever increasing consciousness towards small family norms, it becomes even more compelling for the couples to get the sex of their babies determined early in the pregnancy. If a couple already has a girl, it is more likely to opt for abortion, in case the test proves the foetus to be a female. According to reports, out of the foetuses that are aborted in India after sex determination, around 99 per cent are females. That is absolutely unacceptable. But what I want to emphasise upon is that abortion on any non-medical ground with few exceptions like when pregnancy is the result of a rape must be unacceptable. If a hue and cry is raised against female feticide while abortion as such is accepted, it is largely because of the clashes of interests. Female feticide is no product of globalisation and is of no assistance to global business. This can in fact be jeopardous, as it can lead to less availability of females for scores of business that need them. Every possible effort must therefore be made to stop this. Abortion as a whole, on the other hand, helps their cause because it helps young women overcoming a big hurdle in their work and it helps in stabilising the population.
Abortion is such an important chapter in the book of the modern sexuality that it would be obnoxious to scrap it. The permissibility of abortion and the availability of medical services at the first door are essential prerequisites if the population is to be kept in check, and the commercial sex is to prosper. In fact wherever women play a meaningful role, abortion always helps. Women in their young age are the best consumer items themselves or the best agents of promotion for other items. If a large number of them have to take leave from the bazaar recurrently to be confined to houses or maternity homes for months, industrial "development" would take a nosedive. Therefore, the problem of abortion would be taken care of in its finest details. The hullabaloo against the termination of pregnancies would have to be diplomatically quietened. Any overture that to avoid pregnancy women must avoid sex before marriage would be dismissed as the non-starter outright. This would generate insurmountable problems for several major industries. Their marshals would immediately rise on their feet to declare that this would be a death-blow to the very idea of "freedom" that has been espoused and developed with such concerted efforts all over the years. Despite recognition in the inner corners of their hearts that it was the ideal solution, people would not press it because they have been made too addicted to the uninhibited sex to accept any restrictions on their activities. Those who talk of humanitarian grounds are confronted with the argument that it is better for children not to be born rather than being neglected. The argument may be grotesque, as it proposes to replace a smaller evil by a greater evil, substituting death for neglect. But the protagonists of abortion possess the intensity and lungpower that would effectively submerge any emerging voice of sense in the din. Right to live, which is used assiduously as the bullet to shoot the protagonists of death sentence, has been conveniently forgotten when it comes to abortion. What can be a colossal, yet notorious tragedy than this that parents are being made to be a party in the cold-blooded murder of their own children. And still greater tragedy is that parents hardly feel any compunction or remorse. Even mothers have been reconditioned to believe that it would be a greater sin to bring their kids out of their wombs if they are not in a position to look after them than to finish them. Thus the most innocent human beings are slaughtered without tears falling anywhere for them, and without anyone caring to perform obsequies for them. The ghastliness of this crime is unparalleled. No other crime can be anywhere near it in terms of cruelty and severity. If God had decided to punish the crime of abortion in the world itself, He would have perhaps doomed the whole earth without delay. I remember a woman coming to a doctor colleague of mine to seek abortion. He politely asked her: "What's the hurry, lady? Let your child come out of your belly. It will then be easier for you to strangulate it" The woman walked off in tears. But who would tell this to every woman who attends a clinic for abortion? The interests of so many are at stake: those of the big business in general, particularly sex trade, hospitals and doctors, to name a few. Why should they unnecessarily bring morality into picture? Morality, in their view, is a needle in a haystack; it is futile to attempt a search for it. And when it also helps the common people to overcome the unwanted adverse effects of their desire to stroll freely without chains of morality, why should they raise voice against it even if in their minds and hearts they do not feel particularly comfortable about it? What a way to live the life! Immorality heaped on immorality. To get away with one immoral act, take the help of another even more immoral act. And if there is a danger of the people becoming unduly distressed on account of their immoralities, change the definition of immorality! So that moralities become immoralities and immoralities become moralities.
There have of course been several admirable efforts by some groups to challenge the crime of abortion. There is a sturdy anti-abortion lobby in the US that endeavours to maintain at least some pressure on the government to take appropriate measures to discourage abortion. This lobby deserves kudos for at least trying to get to the thin end of the wedge. The US government has stopped funding those agencies that promote abortion for family planning. Several countries have now explicitly excluded abortion as one of the contraceptive methods. But this effort is too little and too late to make any appreciable impact on the situation, which is going from the bad to the worse. Unwanted pregnancy still remains a legally justifiable reason for its termination. Unwanted pregnancies include not only pregnancies in the wedlock but also those outside it. Abortions are discouraged only as a method of family planning. There is no discernible move to ban them altogether (allowing only for medical and humanitarian reasons). And despite the declared policy not to promote abortion as a method of family planning, the "positive" impact it has on the population stabilisation would stall an aggressive campaign against it. Population stabilisation of course remains one of the major concerns for reasons that are many more than what are publicly counted.
Statistics related to Abortion
Here are some of the statistics related to abortions:
* One in five pregnancies worldwide and one in three pregnancies in Europe ends in abortion, according to a new study published in a special female-focused issue of the Lancet.2
* Of the 41.6 million abortions worldwide, 35 million were in the developing countries, and 6.6 million in developed countries. 2
* 54 countries allow abortion, which is about 61 percent of the world population. 97 countries, about 39 percent of the population, have abortion laws that make it illegal according to the pro-abortion Centre for Reproductive Law and Policy in New York. 2
* The Alan Guttmacher Institute reports approximately 22 million legal abortions were reported in 1987. 2
* It is estimated that between four and nine million were not reported, totalling of 26-31 million legal abortions in 1987 alone. 2
* There were a total of 10-22 million "clandestine" abortions, bringing the total world-wide figure to 36 and 53 million abortions2.
* There are approximately 126,000 abortions conducted each day.
* In 1995, a total of 1,210,883 legal induced abortions were reported to CDC, a decrease of 4.5% from the number reported for 1994. The number of live births decreased by 1.5% over the same period. From 1994 to 1995, the number of reported abortions decreased in 40 of 52 reporting areas. From 1994 to 1995, the national abortion ratio (number of legal abortions per 1000 live births reported by all reporting areas) decreased from 321 to 311 and the national abortion rate (number of legal abortions per 1000 women aged 15-44 years) decreased from 21 to 20, respectively. Consistent with previous years, approximately 92% of women who had legal abortions were residents of the state in which the procedure was performed. 3
* Women who obtained legal abortions in 1995 were predominately white and unmarried. As in 1994, one fifth of women who obtained legal abortions in 1995 were adolescents (aged less than or equal to 19 years); 33% were aged 20-24 years. As in previous years, Approximately 88% of abortions were performed during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. 3
* 1,370,000 abortions occur annually in the U.S. according to the Alan Guttmacher Institute.
* 88% of abortions occur during the first 6 to 12 weeks of pregnancy.
* 47% of abortions are performed on women who have already had one or more abortions.
* 43% of women will have had at least one abortion by the time they are 45 years old.
* Age - The majority of women getting an abortion are young. 55% are less than 26 years old and 21% are teenagers. The abortion rate is highest for those women aged 18 to 19 (56 per 1,000 in 1992)
* Marriage - 51% of women who are unmarried when they become pregnant will receive an abortion. Unmarried women are 6 times more likely than married women to have an abortion.
* Race - 63% of abortion patients are white, however, the abortion rate for non-white women is more than double that of white women.
* 25.5% of women to postpone childbearing.
* 23.3% of women cannot afford a baby.
* 14.1% of women have a relationship issue or their partner does not want a child.
* 12. 2% of women are too young (their parents or others object to the pregnancy).
* 10.8% of women feel a child will disrupt their education or career.
* 7.9% of women want no (more) children.
* 3.3% of women due to a risk to foetal health.
* 2. 8% of women due to a risk to maternal health. 4
Life expectancy vis-à-vis abortion
We will see below how abortion affects the life expectancy if its starting point changes from the birth to conception True Life Expectancy). I have the country wise statistics of birth rate and life expectancy at birth, bust despite a long research I could not find a complete country wise list of the ratio of abortion in all countries. I have however found the list of the abortion ratios (per 100 pregnancies) of all the political regions of the world and of some important countries. Despite this problem, there will be hardly any problem in understanding the point in discussion.
Let us first look at the life expectancies of the countries according to the popular criteria, i.e., life expectancy at birth:
1. Life Expectancy at Birth5
Rank
Country/territory
Life expectancy at birth (years)
Overall
Male
Female
World average
67.2
65.0
69.5
1
Japan
82.6
79.0
86.1
2
Hong Kong (PRC)
82.2
79.4
85.1
3
Iceland
81.8
80.2
83.3
4
Switzerland
81.7
79.0
84.2
5
Australia
81.2
78.9
83.6
6
Spain
80.9
77.7
84.2
7
Sweden
80.9
78.7
83.0
8
Israel
80.7
78.5
82.8
9
Macau (PRC)
80.7
78.5
82.8
10
France (metropolitan)
80.7
77.1
84.1
11
Canada
80.7
78.3
82.9
12
Italy (20% above world average)
80.5
77.5
83.5
13
New Zealand
80.2
78.2
82.2
14
Norway
80.2
77.8
82.5
15
Singapore
80.0
78.0
81.9
16
Austria
79.8
76.9
82.6
17
Netherlands
79.8
77.5
81.9
18
Martinique
79.5
76.5
82.3
19
Greece
79.5
77.1
81.9
20
Belgium
79.4
76.5
82.3
21
Malta
79.4
77.3
81.3
22
United Kingdom
79.4
77.2
81.6
23
Germany
79.4
76.5
82.1
24
U.S. Virgin Islands (US)
79.4
75.5
83.3
25
Finland
79.3
76.1
82.4
26
Guadeloupe
79.2
76.0
82.2
27
Channel Islands (Jersey and Guernsey)
79.0
76.6
81.5
28
Cyprus
79.0
76.5
81.6
29
Republic of Ireland
78.9
76.5
81.3
30
Costa Rica
78.8
76.5
81.2
31
Puerto Rico (US)
78.7
74.7
82.7
32
Luxembourg
78.7
75.7
81.6
33
United Arab Emirates
78.7
77.2
81.5
34
South Korea
78.6
75.0
82.2
35
Chile
78.6
75.5
81.5
36
Denmark
78.3
76.0
80.6
37
Cuba
78.3
76.2
80.4
38
United States
78.2
75.6
80.8
39
Portugal
78.1
75.0
81.2
40
Slovenia
77.9
74.1
81.5
41
Kuwait
77.6
76.0
79.9
42
Barbados
77.3
74.4
79.8
43
Brunei
77.1
75.0
79.7
44
Czech Republic
76.5
73.4
79.5
45
Réunion
76.4
72.3
80.5
46
Albania
76.4
73.4
79.7
47
Uruguay
76.4
72.8
79.9
48
Mexico
76.2
73.7
78.6
49
Belize
76.1
73.3
79.2
50
New Caledonia (France)
76.1
72.8
79.7
51
French Guiana
75.9
72.5
79.9
52
Croatia
75.7
72.3
79.2
53
Oman
75.6
74.2
77.5
54
Bahrain
75.6
74.3
77.5
55
Qatar
75.6
75.2
76.4
56
Poland
75.6
71.3
79.8
57
Panama
75.5
73.0
78.2
58
Guam (US)
75.5
73.3
77.9
59
Argentina
75.3
71.6
79.1
60
Netherlands Antilles (Netherlands)
75.1
71.3
78.8
61
Ecuador
75.0
72.1
78.0
62
Bosnia and Herzegovina
74.9
72.2
77.4
63
Slovakia
74.7
70.7
78.5
64
Montenegro
74.5
72.4
76.8
65
Vietnam
74.2
72.3
76.2
66
Malaysia
74.2
72.0
76.7
67
Aruba (Netherlands)
74.2
71.3
77.1
68
Republic of Macedonia
74.2
71.8
76.6
69
Syria
74.1
72.3
76.1
70
French Polynesia (France)
74.1
71.7
76.8
71
Serbia
74.0
71.7
76.3
72
Libya
74.0
71.7
76.9
73
Tunisia (10% above world average)
73.9
71.9
76.0
74
Venezuela
73.7
70.9
76.8
75
Saint Lucia
73.7
71.8
75.6
76
Bahamas
73.5
70.6
76.3
77
Palestinian territories
73.4
71.8
75.0
78
Hungary
73.3
69.2
77.4
79
Tonga
73.3
72.3
74.3
80
Bulgaria
73.0
69.5
76.7
81
Lithuania
73.0
67.5
78.3
82
People's Republic of China
73.0
71.3
74.8
83
Nicaragua
72.9
69.9
76.0
84
Colombia
72.9
69.2
76.6
85
Mauritius
72.8
69.5
76.2
86
Saudi Arabia
72.8[2]
70.9
75.3
87
Latvia
72.7
67.3
77.7
88
Jamaica
72.6
70.0
75.2
89
Jordan
72.5
70.8
74.5
90
Romania
72.5
69.0
76.1
91
Sri Lanka
72.4
68.8
76.2
92
Brazil
72.4
68.8
76.1
93
Algeria
72.3
70.9
73.7
94
Dominican Republic
72.2
69.3
75.5
95
Lebanon
72.0
69.9
74.2
96
Armenia
72.0
68.4
75.1
97
El Salvador
71.9
68.8
74.9
98
Turkey
71.8
69.4
74.3
99
Paraguay
71.8
69.7
73.9
100
Philippines
71.7
69.5
73.9
101
Cape Verde
71.7
68.3
74.5
102
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
71.6
69.5
73.8
103
Samoa
71.5
68.5
74.8
104
Peru
71.4
68.9
74.0
105
Estonia
71.4
65.9
76.8
106
Egypt
71.3
69.1
73.6
107
Morocco
71.2
69.0
73.4
108
Georgia
71.0
67.1
74.8
109
Iran
71.0
69.4
72.6
110
Indonesia
70.7
68.7
72.7
111
Thailand
70.6
66.5
75.0
112
Guatemala
70.3
66.7
73.8
113
Suriname
70.2
67.0
73.6
114
Honduras
70.2
66.9
73.7
115
Vanuatu
70.0
68.3
72.1
116
Trinidad and Tobago
69.8
67.8
71.8
117
Belarus
69.0
63.1
75.2
118
Moldova
68.9
65.1
72.5
119
Fiji
68.8
66.6
71.1
120
Grenada
68.7
67.0
70.3
121
Federated States of Micronesia
68.5
67.7
69.3
122
Maldives
68.5
67.6
69.5
123
Ukraine
67.9
62.1
73.8
124
Azerbaijan
67.5
63.8
71.2
125
North Korea
67.3
65.1
69.3
126
Uzbekistan (world average)
67.2
64.0
70.4
127
Kazakhstan
67.0
61.6
72.4
128
Guyana
66.8
64.2
69.9
129
Mongolia
66.8
63.9
69.9
130
Tajikistan
66.7
64.1
69.4
131
Western Sahara
65.9
64.3
68.1
132
Kyrgyzstan
65.9
62.0
69.9
133
Bhutan
65.6
64.0
67.5
134
Bolivia
65.6
63.4
67.7
135
Sao Tome and Principe
65.5
63.6
67.4
136
Pakistan
65.5
65.2
65.8
137
Russia
65.5
59.0
72.6
138
Comoros
65.2
63.0
67.4
139
India
64.7
63.2
66.4
140
Laos
64.4
63.0
65.8
141
Mauritania
64.2
62.4
66.0
142
Bangladesh
64.1
63.2
65.0
143
Nepal
63.8
63.2
64.2
144
Solomon Islands
63.6
62.7
64.5
145
Turkmenistan
63.2
59.0
67.5
146
Senegal
63.1
61.0
65.1
147
Yemen
62.7
61.1
64.3
148
Myanmar
62.1
59.0
65.3
149
Haiti
60.9
59.1
62.8
150
East Timor (10% below world average)
60.8
60.0
61.7
151
Ghana
60.0
59.6
60.5
152
Cambodia
59.7
57.3
61.9
153
Iraq
59.5
57.8
61.5
154
Gambia
59.4
58.6
60.3
155
Madagascar
59.4
57.7
61.3
156
Sudan
58.6
57.1
60.1
157
Togo
58.4
56.7
60.1
158
Eritrea
58.0
55.6
60.3
159
Papua New Guinea
57.2
54.6
60.4
160
Niger
56.9
57.8
56.0
161
Gabon
56.7
56.4
57.1
162
Benin
56.7
55.6
57.8
163
Guinea
56.0
54.4
57.6
164
Republic of the Congo
55.3
54.0
56.6
165
Djibouti
54.8
53.6
56.0
166
Mali
54.5
52.1
56.6
167
Kenya (20% below world average)
54.1
53.0
55.2
168
Ethiopia
52.9
51.7
54.3
169
Namibia
52.9
52.5
53.1
170
Tanzania
52.5
51.4
53.6
171
Burkina Faso
52.3
50.7
53.8
172
Equatorial Guinea
51.6
50.4
52.8
173
Uganda
51.5
50.8
52.2
174
Botswana
50.7
50.5
50.7
175
Chad
50.6
49.3
52.0
176
Cameroon
50.4
50.0
50.8
177
Burundi
49.6
48.1
51.0
178
South Africa
49.3
48.8
49.7
179
Côte d'Ivoire
48.3
47.5
49.3
180
Malawi
48.3
48.1
48.4
181
Somalia
48.2
46.9
49.4
182
Nigeria (30% below world average)
46.9
46.4
47.3
183
Democratic Republic of the Congo
46.5
45.2
47.7
184
Guinea-Bissau
46.4
44.9
47.9
185
Rwanda
46.2
44.6
47.8
186
Liberia
45.7
44.8
46.6
187
Central African Republic
44.7
43.3
46.1
188
Afghanistan
43.8
43.9
43.8
189
Zimbabwe
43.5
44.1
42.6
190
Angola
42.7
41.2
44.3
191
Lesotho
42.6
42.9
42.3
192
Sierra Leone
42.6
41.0
44.1
193
Zambia
42.4
42.1
42.5
194
Mozambique
42.1
41.7
42.4
195
Swaziland (40% below world average)
39.6
39.8
39.4
2. Life Expectancy at conception or True Life Expectancy (TLE)
Now let us see how the changed definition of life expectancy, i.e. life expectancy at the time of conception, changes the figures. Please note that the figures of abortion ratios followed by r represent the regional averages. Where they are not followed by r, they represent the figures of the specific countries.
Life expectancy at the time of conception
Rank Rank country LE at birth Abortion ratio TLE
(at Birth)
1. 4. Switzerland 81.7 17r 67.81
2. 16. Austria 79.8 17r 66.23
3. 17. Netherlands 79.8 17r 66.23
4. 20. Belgium 79.4 17r 65.90
5. 32. Luxembourg 78.7 17r 65.32
6. 138. Comoros 65.2 16r 65.20
7. 72. Libya 74 12r 65.12
8. 73. Tunisia 73.9 12r 65.03
9. 55. Qatar 75.6 14r 65.01
10. 93. Algeria 72.3 12r 63.62
11. 53. Oman 75.6 14r 63.50
12. 3. Iceland 81.8 23r 62.98
13. 33. United Arab Emirates 78.7 20r 62.96
14. 106. Egypt 71.3 12r 62.74
15. 107. Morocco 71.2 12r 62.65
16. 23. Germany 79.4 17r 62.25
17. 41. Kuwait 77.6 20r 62.08
18. 14. Norway 80.2 23r 61.75
19. 85. Mauritius 72.8 16r 61.15
20. 25. Finland 79.3 23r 61.06
21. 26. Guadeloupe 79.2 35r 61.06
212. 29. Ireland 78.9 23r 60.75
23. 30. Costa Rica 78.8 21r 60.75
24. 54. Bahrain 75.6 20r 60.48
25. 36. Denmark 78.3 23r 60.29
26. 49. Belize 76.1 21r 60.11
27. 57. Panama 75.5 21r 59.64
28. 91. Sri Lanka 72.4 18r 59.36
29. 39. Portugal 78.1 24 59.35
30. 69. Syria 74.1 20 59.28
31. 8. Israel 80.7 20 58.40
32. 86. Saudi Arabia 72.8 20 58.24
33. 109. Iran 71 18r 58.22
34. 89. Jordan 72.5 20r 58.00
35. 131. Western Sahara 65.9 12r 57.99
36. 95. Lebanon 72 20r 57.76
37. 15. Singapore 80.2 28r 57.74
38. 98. Turkey 71.8 20 57.44
39. 97. El Salvador 71.9 21r 56.80
40. 112. Guatemala 70.3 21r 55.53
41. 114. Honduras 70.2 21r 55.45
42. 43. Brunei 77.1 28r 55.51
43. 124. Azerbaijan 67.5 18r 55.35
44. 126. Uzbekistan 67.2 18r 55.10
45. 35. Chile 78.6 30r 55.02
46. 127. Kazakhstan 67 18r 54.94
47. 141. Mauritania 64.2 15r 54.57
48. 1. Japan 82.6 34r 54.51
49. 2. Hong Kong (PRC) 82.2 34r 54.25
50. 133. Bhutan 65.6 18r 53.78
51. 136. Pakistan 65.5 18r 53.71
52. 146. Senegal 63.1 15r 53.63
53. 47. Uruguay 76.4 30r 53.48
54. 65. Vietnam 74.2 28r 53.42
55. 66. Malaysia 74.2 28r 53.42
56. 143. Nepal 63.8 18r 53.31
57. 9. Macau (PRC) 80.7 34r 53.26
58. 12. Italy 80.5 34r 53.13
59. 51. French Guiana 75.9 30r 53.13
60. 139. India 64.7 18r 53.05
61. 59. Argentina 75.3 30r 52.57
62. 142. Bangladesh 64.1 18r 52.56
63. 61. Ecuador 75 30r 52.50
64. 19. Greece 79.5 34r 52.47
65. 145. Turkmenistan 63.2 18r 51.82
66. 83. Nicaragua 72.9 21r 51.75
67. 18. Martinique 79.5 35r 51.67
68. 100. Philippines 71.7 28r 51.62
69. 24. U.S. Virgin Islands 79.4 35r 51.61
70. 31. Puerto Rico (US) 78.7 35r 51.15
71. 84. Colombia 72.9 30r 51.03
72. 151. Ghana 60 15r 51.00
73. 101. Cape Verde 71.7 15r 50.94
74. 38. United States 78.2 34.9 50.90
75. 110. Indonesia 70.7 28r 50.90
76. 37. Cuba 78.3 35r 50.89
77. 111. Thailand 70.6 28r 50.83
78. 92. Brazil 72.4 30r 50.68
79. 99. Paraguay 71.8 30r 50.60
80. 154. Gambia 59.4 15r 50.49
81. 46. Albania 76.4 34r 50.42
82. 42. Barbados 77.3 35r 50.24
83. 147. Yemen 62.7 20r 50.16
84. 104. Peru 71.4 30r 49.98
85. 157. Togo 58.4 15r 49.64
86. 62. Bosnia and Herzegovina 74.9 34r 49.43
87. 113. Suriname 70.2 30r 49.14
88. 155. Madagascar 59.4 16r 49.09
89. 161. Gabon 56.7 14r 48.76
90. 158. Eritrea 58 16r 48.72
91. 160. Niger 56.9 15r 48.36
92. 162. Benin 56.7 15r 48.36
93. 67. Aruba (Netherlands) 74.2 35r 48.23
94. 82. China 73 34r 48.18
95. 75. Saint Lucia 73.7 35r 47.90
96. 76. Bahamas 73.5 35r 47.70
97. 22. United Kingdom 79.4 39.4 47.70
98. 153. Iraq 59.5 20r 47.60
99. 163. Guinea 56 15r 47.60
100. 34. South Korea 78.6 34r 47.52
101. 94. Dominican Republic 72.2 35r 47.12
102. 5. Australia 81.2 42r 47.09
103. 6. Spain 80.9 42r 46.92
104. 128. Guyana 66.8 30r 46.76
105. 169. Namibia 52.9 12r 46.55
106. 102. Saint Vincent 71.6 35r 46.54
107. 13. New Zealand 80.2 42r 46.51
108. 140. Laos 64.4 28r 46.36
109. 166. Mali 54.5 15r 46.32
110. 165. Djibouti 54.8 16r 46.03
111. 134. Bolivia 65.6 30r 45.92
112. 27. Channel Islands 79 42r 45.82
113. 28. Cyprus 79 42r 45.82
114. 167. Kenya 54.1 16r 45.44
115. 116. Trinidad and Tobago 69.8 35r 45.37
116. 148. Myanmar 62.1 28r 44.71
117. 120. Grenada 68.7 35r 44.65
118. 174. Botswana 50.7 12r 44.61
119. 171. Burkina Faso 52.3 15r 44.45
120. 172. Equatorial Guinea 51.6 14r 44.37
121. 170. Tanzania 52.5 16r 44.10
122. 129. Mongolia 66.8 34r 44.08
123. 150. East Timor 60.8 28r 43.77
124. 175. Chad 50.6 14r 43.51
125. 178. South Africa 49.3 12r 43.38
126. 176. Cameroon 50.4 14r 43.34
127. 173. Uganda 51.5 16r 43.26
128. 11. Canada 80.7 46.4 43.25
129. 152. Cambodia 59.7 28r 42.98
130. 177. Burundi 49.6 16r 41.66
131. 179. Côte d'Ivoire 48.3 15r 41.05
132. 180. Malawi 48.3 16r 40.57
133. 181. Somalia 48.2 16r 40.48
134. 183. Congo 46.5 14r 39.99
135. 10. France (metropolitan) 80.7 50.5 39.94
136. 182. Nigeria 46.9 15r 39.86
137. 184. Guinea-Bissau 46.4 15r 39.51
138. 186. Liberia 45.7 15r 38.84
139. 185. Rwanda 46.2 16r 38.80
140. 187. Central African Republic44.7 14r 38.44
141. 88. Jamaica 72.6 35r 38.32
142. 191. Lesotho 42.6 12r 37.48
143. 190. Angola 42.7 14r 36.72
144. 189. Zimbabwe 43.5 16r 36.54
145. 192. Sierra Leone 42.6 15r 36.21
146. 188. Afghanistan 43.8 18r 35.91
147. 193. Zambia 42.4 16r 35.61
148. 194. Mozambique 42.1 16r 35.36
149. 195. Swaziland 39.6 12r 34.84
150. 44. Czech Republic 76.5 65r 26.77
151. 56. Poland 75.6 65r 26.46
152. 63. Slovakia 74.7 65r 26.14
153. 78. Hungary 73.3 65r 25.65
154. 80. Bulgaria 73 65r 25.55
155. 90. Romania 72.5 65r 25.37
156. 7. Sweden 80.9 68.8 25.24
157. 117. Belarus 69 65r 24.15
158. 118. Moldova 68.9 65r 24.11
159. 137. Russia 65.5 65r 22.92
(The TLE has been calculated assuming the age of aborted foetuses as zero. In reality however, the age of foetus at the time of abortion is several weeks. So the true figures might be one to two months less than the real values.)
To be continued
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